介绍
Cosmos Hub 基于 CometBFT，依赖一组验证者负责在区块链中提交新区块。这些验证者通过广播投票参与共识协议，投票中包含由各验证者私钥签名的加密签名。 验证者候选人可以质押自己的 ATOM，也可以接受代币持有者向其 “委托” 或质押 ATOM。Cosmos Hub 当前有 180 个活跃验证者，但验证者数量可随着时间通过治理（MaxValidators 参数）进行调整。验证者的投票权由委托给他们的 ATOM 总量决定。投票权不足以进入前 180 名的验证者会被视为非活跃。若非活跃验证者的质押数量增加并进入前 180 名验证者之列，则可重新成为活跃验证者。
验证者及其委托人通过执行 Tendermint 共识协议获得 ATOM 区块增发奖励以及交易手续费形式的代币。请注意，验证者可以对其委托人获得的手续费设置一定比例的佣金，作为额外激励。你可以在 Mintscan 上查看所有当前验证者及其投票权的概览。
如果验证者发生双签，或在较长时间内离线，其质押的 ATOM（包括用户委托给他们的 ATOM）可能会被削减。处罚力度取决于违规行为的严重程度。
硬件
对于验证者密钥管理，验证者必须建立具备受限访问控制的实体运维环境。例如，一个不错的起点是在安全的数据中心进行托管部署。 通常希望验证者为其数据中心位置配置电力、网络连接和存储备份的冗余能力。预计需要为光纤、防火墙和交换设备准备多套冗余网络设备，并配备带有冗余硬盘和故障切换能力的小型服务器。 你可以在加入 Cosmos Hub 主网的说明中找到最低硬件要求。随着网络增长，对带宽、CPU 和内存的要求也会提高。建议使用大容量硬盘来存储多年的区块链历史数据，并配备充足的 RAM 以处理不断增长的交易数量。创建验证者网站
要开始成为验证者，请先创建专属的验证者网站，并在 Interchain Discord 中表明你希望成为验证者。发布你的验证者网站非常重要，因为委托人希望了解他们将 ATOM 委托给的是哪个实体。寻求法律建议
与往常一样，如果你计划运行验证者节点，请自行做好研究，并寻求法律建议。社区
欢迎在社区 Discord 中讨论作为验证者的更多细节，并订阅 Cosmos 新闻简报以获取定期更新：Introduction
The Cosmos Hub is based on CometBFT that relies on a set of validators that are responsible for committing new blocks in the blockchain. These validators participate in the consensus protocol by broadcasting votes that contain cryptographic signatures signed by each validator’s private key. Validator candidates can bond their own ATOM and have ATOM “delegated”, or staked, to them by token holders. The Cosmos Hub has 180 active validators, but over time the number of validators can be changed through governance (MaxValidators parameter). Validator voting power is determined by the total number of ATOM tokens delegated to them. Validators that do not have enough voting power to be in the top 180 are considered inactive. Inactive validators can become active if their staked amount increases so that they fall into the top 180 validators.
Validators and their delegators earn ATOM as block provisions and tokens as transaction fees through execution of the Tendermint consensus protocol. Note that validators can set a commission percentage on the fees their delegators receive as additional incentive. You can find an overview of all current validators and their voting power on Mintscan.
If validators double sign or are offline for an extended period, their staked ATOM (including ATOM of users that delegated to them) can be slashed. The penalty depends on the severity of the violation.