​
示例讲解

我们首先与应用程序建立三个连接（mempool、consensus 和 query）。 此处应用程序是在本地运行的 kvstore。 
I[10-04|13:54:27.364] Starting multiAppConn                        module=proxy impl=multiAppConn
I[10-04|13:54:27.366] Starting localClient                         module=abci-client connection=query impl=localClient
I[10-04|13:54:27.366] Starting localClient                         module=abci-client connection=mempool impl=localClient
I[10-04|13:54:27.367] Starting localClient                         module=abci-client connection=consensus impl=localClient
接着，CometBFT 会与应用程序执行握手。 
I[10-04|13:54:27.367] ABCI Handshake                               module=consensus appHeight=90 appHash=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
I[10-04|13:54:27.368] ABCI Replay Blocks                           module=consensus appHeight=90 storeHeight=90 stateHeight=90
I[10-04|13:54:27.368] Completed ABCI Handshake - CometBFT and App are synced module=consensus appHeight=90 appHash=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
之后，我们会再启动一些组件，例如事件切换器和各类 reactor。 
I[10-04|13:54:27.374] Starting EventSwitch                         module=types impl=EventSwitch
I[10-04|13:54:27.375] This node is a validator                     module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:27.379] Starting Node                                module=main impl=Node
I[10-04|13:54:27.381] Local listener                               module=p2p ip=:: port=26656
I[10-04|13:54:30.386] Starting DefaultListener                     module=p2p impl=Listener(@10.0.2.15:26656)
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting P2P Switch                          module=p2p impl="P2P Switch"
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting MempoolReactor                      module=mempool impl=MempoolReactor
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting BlockchainReactor                   module=blockchain impl=BlockchainReactor
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting ConsensusReactor                    module=consensus impl=ConsensusReactor
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] ConsensusReactor                             module=consensus fastSync=false
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting ConsensusState                      module=consensus impl=ConsensusState
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting WAL                                 module=consensus wal=/home/vagrant/.cometbft/data/cs.wal/wal impl=WAL
I[10-04|13:54:30.388] Starting TimeoutTicker                       module=consensus impl=TimeoutTicker
注意第二行，CometBFT 报告“This node is a validator”。它也可能只是一个 observer（普通节点）。 接下来，我们会从 WAL 中重放所有消息。 
I[10-04|13:54:30.390] Catchup by replaying consensus messages      module=consensus height=91
I[10-04|13:54:30.390] Replay: New Step                             module=consensus height=91 round=0 step=RoundStepNewHeight
I[10-04|13:54:30.390] Replay: Done                                 module=consensus
“Started node” 这条消息表示一切都已准备就绪，可以开始工作。 
I[10-04|13:54:30.391] Starting RPC HTTP server on tcp socket 0.0.0.0:26657 module=rpc-server
I[10-04|13:54:30.392] Started node                                 module=main nodeInfo="NodeInfo{id: DF22D7C92C91082324A1312F092AA1DA197FA598DBBFB6526E, moniker: anonymous, network: test-chain-3MNw2N [remote , listen 10.0.2.15:26656], version: 0.11.0-10f361fc ([wire_version=0.6.2 p2p_version=0.5.0 consensus_version=v1/0.2.2 rpc_version=0.7.0/3 tx_index=on rpc_addr=tcp://0.0.0.0:26657])}"
接下来是一个标准的区块创建周期：进入新一轮、提议区块、收到超过 2/3 的 prevote，然后是 precommit，最后进入提交区块的阶段。详情请参阅拜占庭共识算法。 
I[10-04|13:54:30.393] enterNewRound(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepNewHeight module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.393] enterPropose(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepNewRound module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.393] enterPropose: Our turn to propose            module=consensus proposer=125B0E3C5512F5C2B0E1109E31885C4511570C42 privValidator="PrivValidator{125B0E3C5512F5C2B0E1109E31885C4511570C42 LH:90, LR:0, LS:3}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.394] Signed proposal                              module=consensus height=91 round=0 proposal="Proposal{91/0 1:21B79872514F (-1,:0:000000000000) {/10EDEDD7C84E.../}}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.397] Received complete proposal block             module=consensus height=91 hash=F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E
I[10-04|13:54:30.397] enterPrevote(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepPropose module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.397] enterPrevote: ProposalBlock is valid         module=consensus height=91 round=0
I[10-04|13:54:30.398] Signed and pushed vote                       module=consensus height=91 round=0 vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/1(Prevote) F671D562C7B9 {/89047FFC21D8.../}}" err=null
I[10-04|13:54:30.401] Added to prevote                             module=consensus vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/1(Prevote) F671D562C7B9 {/89047FFC21D8.../}}" prevotes="VoteSet{H:91 R:0 T:1 +2/3:F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E:1:21B79872514F BA{1:X} map[]}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.401] enterPrecommit(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepPrevote module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.401] enterPrecommit: +2/3 prevoted proposal block. Locking module=consensus hash=F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E
I[10-04|13:54:30.402] Signed and pushed vote                       module=consensus height=91 round=0 vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/2(Precommit) F671D562C7B9 {/80533478E41A.../}}" err=null
I[10-04|13:54:30.404] Added to precommit                           module=consensus vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/2(Precommit) F671D562C7B9 {/80533478E41A.../}}" precommits="VoteSet{H:91 R:0 T:2 +2/3:F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E:1:21B79872514F BA{1:X} map[]}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.404] enterCommit(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepPrecommit module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.405] Finalizing commit of block with 0 txs        module=consensus height=91 hash=F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E root=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
I[10-04|13:54:30.405] Block{
  Header{
    ChainID:        test-chain-3MNw2N
    Height:         91
    Time:           2017-10-04 13:54:30.393 +0000 UTC
    NumTxs:         0
    LastBlockID:    F15AB8BEF9A6AAB07E457A6E16BC410546AA4DC6:1:D505DA273544
    LastCommit:     56FEF2EFDB8B37E9C6E6D635749DF3169D5F005D
    Data:
    Validators:     CE25FBFF2E10C0D51AA1A07C064A96931BC8B297
    App:            E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
  }#F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E
  Data{

  }#
  Commit{
    BlockID:    F15AB8BEF9A6AAB07E457A6E16BC410546AA4DC6:1:D505DA273544
    Precommits: Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 90/00/2(Precommit) F15AB8BEF9A6 {/FE98E2B956F0.../}}
  }#56FEF2EFDB8B37E9C6E6D635749DF3169D5F005D
}#F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.408] Executed block                               module=state height=91 validTxs=0 invalidTxs=0
I[10-04|13:54:30.410] Committed state                              module=state height=91 txs=0 hash=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
I[10-04|13:54:30.410] Recheck txs                                  module=mempool numtxs=0 height=91

​
模块列表

下面列出你可能会在 CometBFT 日志中遇到的模块，并简要说明它们的作用。
  • abci-client 如应用开发指南中所述，相对于应用程序，CometBFT 充当一个 ABCI 客户端，并维护 3 条连接：mempool、consensus 和 query。CometBFT 使用的代码可在这里找到。
  • blockchain 为区块存储以及节点之间区块的交换提供存储、池（peer 组）和 reactor。
  • consensus CometBFT 的核心，即共识算法的实现。它还包含两个“子模块”：wal（预写日志）用于确保数据完整性，replay 用于在崩溃恢复时重放区块和消息。
  • events 简单的事件通知系统。事件列表可在这里找到。你可以通过调用 subscribe RPC 方法订阅这些事件。更多信息请参阅 RPC 文档。
  • mempool mempool 模块负责处理所有传入交易，无论这些交易来自 peer 还是应用程序。
  • p2p 提供点对点通信的抽象。更多细节请查看 README。
  • rpc CometBFT 的 RPC。
  • rpc-server RPC 服务器。实现细节请阅读 doc.go。
  • state 表示最新状态以及执行子模块，负责对照应用程序执行区块。
  • types 对外公开的类型及其相关方法集合。

​
Walkthrough example

We first create three connections (mempool, consensus, and query) to the application (running kvstore locally in this case). 
I[10-04|13:54:27.364] Starting multiAppConn                        module=proxy impl=multiAppConn
I[10-04|13:54:27.366] Starting localClient                         module=abci-client connection=query impl=localClient
I[10-04|13:54:27.366] Starting localClient                         module=abci-client connection=mempool impl=localClient
I[10-04|13:54:27.367] Starting localClient                         module=abci-client connection=consensus impl=localClient
Then CometBFT and the application perform a handshake. 
I[10-04|13:54:27.367] ABCI Handshake                               module=consensus appHeight=90 appHash=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
I[10-04|13:54:27.368] ABCI Replay Blocks                           module=consensus appHeight=90 storeHeight=90 stateHeight=90
I[10-04|13:54:27.368] Completed ABCI Handshake - CometBFT and App are synced module=consensus appHeight=90 appHash=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
After that, we start a few more things like the event switch and reactors. 
I[10-04|13:54:27.374] Starting EventSwitch                         module=types impl=EventSwitch
I[10-04|13:54:27.375] This node is a validator                     module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:27.379] Starting Node                                module=main impl=Node
I[10-04|13:54:27.381] Local listener                               module=p2p ip=:: port=26656
I[10-04|13:54:30.386] Starting DefaultListener                     module=p2p impl=Listener(@10.0.2.15:26656)
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting P2P Switch                          module=p2p impl="P2P Switch"
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting MempoolReactor                      module=mempool impl=MempoolReactor
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting BlockchainReactor                   module=blockchain impl=BlockchainReactor
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting ConsensusReactor                    module=consensus impl=ConsensusReactor
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] ConsensusReactor                             module=consensus fastSync=false
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting ConsensusState                      module=consensus impl=ConsensusState
I[10-04|13:54:30.387] Starting WAL                                 module=consensus wal=/home/vagrant/.cometbft/data/cs.wal/wal impl=WAL
I[10-04|13:54:30.388] Starting TimeoutTicker                       module=consensus impl=TimeoutTicker
Notice the second row where CometBFT reports that “This node is a validator”. It could also be just an observer (regular node). Next, we replay all the messages from the WAL. 
I[10-04|13:54:30.390] Catchup by replaying consensus messages      module=consensus height=91
I[10-04|13:54:30.390] Replay: New Step                             module=consensus height=91 round=0 step=RoundStepNewHeight
I[10-04|13:54:30.390] Replay: Done                                 module=consensus
The “Started node” message signals that everything is ready for work. 
I[10-04|13:54:30.391] Starting RPC HTTP server on tcp socket 0.0.0.0:26657 module=rpc-server
I[10-04|13:54:30.392] Started node                                 module=main nodeInfo="NodeInfo{id: DF22D7C92C91082324A1312F092AA1DA197FA598DBBFB6526E, moniker: anonymous, network: test-chain-3MNw2N [remote , listen 10.0.2.15:26656], version: 0.11.0-10f361fc ([wire_version=0.6.2 p2p_version=0.5.0 consensus_version=v1/0.2.2 rpc_version=0.7.0/3 tx_index=on rpc_addr=tcp://0.0.0.0:26657])}"
Next follows a standard block creation cycle, where we enter a new round, propose a block, receive more than 2/3 of prevotes, then precommits, and finally have a chance to commit a block. For details, please refer to Byzantine Consensus Algorithm. 
I[10-04|13:54:30.393] enterNewRound(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepNewHeight module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.393] enterPropose(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepNewRound module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.393] enterPropose: Our turn to propose            module=consensus proposer=125B0E3C5512F5C2B0E1109E31885C4511570C42 privValidator="PrivValidator{125B0E3C5512F5C2B0E1109E31885C4511570C42 LH:90, LR:0, LS:3}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.394] Signed proposal                              module=consensus height=91 round=0 proposal="Proposal{91/0 1:21B79872514F (-1,:0:000000000000) {/10EDEDD7C84E.../}}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.397] Received complete proposal block             module=consensus height=91 hash=F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E
I[10-04|13:54:30.397] enterPrevote(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepPropose module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.397] enterPrevote: ProposalBlock is valid         module=consensus height=91 round=0
I[10-04|13:54:30.398] Signed and pushed vote                       module=consensus height=91 round=0 vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/1(Prevote) F671D562C7B9 {/89047FFC21D8.../}}" err=null
I[10-04|13:54:30.401] Added to prevote                             module=consensus vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/1(Prevote) F671D562C7B9 {/89047FFC21D8.../}}" prevotes="VoteSet{H:91 R:0 T:1 +2/3:F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E:1:21B79872514F BA{1:X} map[]}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.401] enterPrecommit(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepPrevote module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.401] enterPrecommit: +2/3 prevoted proposal block. Locking module=consensus hash=F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E
I[10-04|13:54:30.402] Signed and pushed vote                       module=consensus height=91 round=0 vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/2(Precommit) F671D562C7B9 {/80533478E41A.../}}" err=null
I[10-04|13:54:30.404] Added to precommit                           module=consensus vote="Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 91/00/2(Precommit) F671D562C7B9 {/80533478E41A.../}}" precommits="VoteSet{H:91 R:0 T:2 +2/3:F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E:1:21B79872514F BA{1:X} map[]}"
I[10-04|13:54:30.404] enterCommit(91/0). Current: 91/0/RoundStepPrecommit module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.405] Finalizing commit of block with 0 txs        module=consensus height=91 hash=F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E root=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
I[10-04|13:54:30.405] Block{
  Header{
    ChainID:        test-chain-3MNw2N
    Height:         91
    Time:           2017-10-04 13:54:30.393 +0000 UTC
    NumTxs:         0
    LastBlockID:    F15AB8BEF9A6AAB07E457A6E16BC410546AA4DC6:1:D505DA273544
    LastCommit:     56FEF2EFDB8B37E9C6E6D635749DF3169D5F005D
    Data:
    Validators:     CE25FBFF2E10C0D51AA1A07C064A96931BC8B297
    App:            E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
  }#F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E
  Data{

  }#
  Commit{
    BlockID:    F15AB8BEF9A6AAB07E457A6E16BC410546AA4DC6:1:D505DA273544
    Precommits: Vote{0:125B0E3C5512 90/00/2(Precommit) F15AB8BEF9A6 {/FE98E2B956F0.../}}
  }#56FEF2EFDB8B37E9C6E6D635749DF3169D5F005D
}#F671D562C7B9242900A286E1882EE64E5556FE9E module=consensus
I[10-04|13:54:30.408] Executed block                               module=state height=91 validTxs=0 invalidTxs=0
I[10-04|13:54:30.410] Committed state                              module=state height=91 txs=0 hash=E0FBAFBF6FCED8B9786DDFEB1A0D4FA2501BADAD
I[10-04|13:54:30.410] Recheck txs                                  module=mempool numtxs=0 height=91

​
List of modules

Here is the list of modules you may encounter in CometBFT’s logs and a brief overview of what they do.
  • abci-client As mentioned in Application Development Guide, CometBFT acts as an ABCI client with respect to the application and maintains 3 connections: mempool, consensus, and query. The code used by CometBFT can be found here.
  • blockchain Provides storage, pool (a group of peers), and reactor for both storing and exchanging blocks between peers.
  • consensus The heart of CometBFT, which is the implementation of the consensus algorithm. Includes two “submodules”: wal (write-ahead logging) for ensuring data integrity and replay to replay blocks and messages on recovery from a crash.
  • events Simple event notification system. The list of events can be found here. You can subscribe to them by calling subscribe RPC method. Refer to RPC docs for additional information.
  • mempool Mempool module handles all incoming transactions, whenever they are coming from peers or the application.
  • p2p Provides an abstraction around peer-to-peer communication. For more details, please check out the README.
  • rpc CometBFT’s RPC.
  • rpc-server RPC server. For implementation details, please read the doc.go.
  • state Represents the latest state and execution submodule, which executes blocks against the application.
  • types A collection of the publicly exposed types and methods to work with them.