The Cosmos Stack

高性能、可定制并兼容 EVM，Cosmos 技术栈为构建者提供了对其区块链基础设施与实现的完整控制。其稳定且安全的开源代码库使区块链能够实现超过 10,000 TPS 的高吞吐量，并具备可调优、快速最终确认能力，从而实现近乎即时的交易结算。Cosmos 技术栈的开发始于 2016 年，如今已有数百条公有和私有区块链在生产环境中使用 Cosmos 技术栈。 该技术栈采用模块化设计：你可以利用预构建组件，也可以为特定用例集成自定义功能，覆盖从共识机制到治理与合规等各个方面。技术栈中的各个组件协同工作，构建出完整的区块链网络解决方案，兼具安全性、高性能、可扩展性以及几乎无限的可定制能力。 在核心层面，Cosmos 技术栈由多个可互操作的层组成：Cosmos SDK 负责应用逻辑，CometBFT 负责共识与网络，Cosmos EVM 提供以太坊兼容性，跨链通信协议（IBC） 则用于实现尽量减少信任依赖的跨链通信。 对于那些在区块链上运行企业级系统、并且对安全性、控制力和合规性有较高要求的团队，Cosmos Enterprise 提供符合企业运营标准的高韧性企业功能、强大的附加基础设施能力，以及主动、深度参与的工程支持。 这些组件与服务共同构成了一套灵活且经过充分验证的技术栈，用于开发高性能、可靠、可互操作且安全的区块链。

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Cosmos SDK：业务逻辑层

Cosmos SDK 是 Cosmos 技术栈的业务逻辑层。它为构建区块链和数字账本提供了一个可定制的基础层，由一组可互操作的模块组成，这些模块协同定义区块链的行为，覆盖账户、交易、代币化、合规以及自定义应用逻辑等方面。构建者可以组合预构建模块，也可以开发定制模块，将其独特的业务逻辑直接嵌入链的基础之中，而不是将其作为彼此隔离的智能合约进行部署。 这种方式带来了传统智能合约平台和 Layer-2 区块链无法提供的定制化、互操作性和性能水平。开发者可以访问区块生命周期钩子（BeginBlocker and EndBlocker）、细粒度的状态隔离，以及基于安全优先的 Object Capability Model 的作用域权限控制。与 CometBFT 共识的原生协同执行可显著提升吞吐量并提供确定性行为，而像 Cosmovisor 这样的升级工具则使区块链易于长期维护和演进。 探索 Cosmos SDK →

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Cosmos Enterprise：企业级基础设施与支持

Cosmos 企业解决方案为你提供一整套全面的区块链服务与技术，帮助你的组织面向未来构建数字账本能力。它将加固的协议模块、本地部署与托管式基础设施组件，以及来自 Cosmos 技术栈研发工程师的主动支持结合在一起。 Cosmos Enterprise 专为那些在企业生产环境中扩展关键区块链基础设施、并需要可靠性、安全性与运营信心的组织而打造。 了解 Cosmos Enterprise →

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Cosmos EVM：以太坊兼容层

Cosmos EVM 为基于 Cosmos SDK 的链提供即插即用的以太坊虚拟机兼容能力。它允许开发者部署 Solidity 智能合约、使用熟悉的以太坊工具链，并通过预编译与扩展与原生 Cosmos 模块（包括 IBC）交互。它让软件工程师在标准 EVM 之外获得更多能力，以支持新的用例与工作流：既可以无需修改直接运行现有以太坊合约，也可以在链级别扩展 EVM，引入新的能力。 了解 Cosmos EVM →

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IBC 协议：互操作层

跨链通信协议（IBC）是 Cosmos 技术栈的互操作层，使区块链能够安全地传输代币、消息和任意数据。区块链通过点对点连接，借助自托管基础设施在 IBC 上进行通信。IBC 通过尽量减少信任依赖且支持可配置权限控制的通信方式，将这些链连接为一个可互操作的网络，同时保持安全且彼此独立的执行环境。 探索 IBC 文档 →

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CometBFT：高性能共识层

CometBFT 是 Cosmos 技术栈的共识层，也是构建区块链和去中心化账本网络时应用最广泛、经过充分验证的共识引擎之一。它是一种拜占庭容错（BFT）中间件，能够将确定性的状态转换机（可使用任意编程语言编写）安全地复制到一组分布式节点上。通过将共识与应用逻辑分离，CometBFT 使开发者无需自行实现网络或共识协议，也能构建定制化区块链。 CometBFT 负责提议区块、排序交易并最终完成状态转换，确保所有节点就链的规范状态达成一致。它具备高性能和确定性，能够提供快速最终确认，并实现最高可达每秒 10,000 笔交易（TPS）的吞吐量，因此非常适合高性能、应用专用型区块链。 了解 CometBFT →

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Performant, customizable, and EVM-compatible, the Cosmos stack offers builders full control of their blockchain infrastructure and implementation. Its stable and secure open-source codebase enables blockchains to achieve high throughput of 10,000+ TPS, tuned, and fast finality for instant transaction settlement. Development on the Cosmos stack began in 2016, and today, hundreds of public and private blockchains use the Cosmos stack in production. The stack is modular: leverage pre-built components or integrate custom features for your specific use case, from consensus mechanisms to governance and compliance. The components of the stack work together to create a complete blockchain network solution that is secure, performant, scalable, and endlessly customizable. At its core, the Cosmos stack is composed of several interoperable layers: the Cosmos SDK for application logic, CometBFT for consensus and networking, Cosmos EVM for Ethereum compatibility, and the Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC) for trust-minimized cross-chain communication. For teams running enterprise systems on blockchains that require a high degree of security, control, and compliance, Cosmos Enterprise offers resilient enterprise features that meet enterprise operational standards, robust additional infrastructure capabilities, and proactive, hands-on engineering support. Together, these components and services form a flexible, battle-tested stack for developing performant, reliable, interoperable, and secure blockchains

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Cosmos SDK: Business Logic Layer

The Cosmos SDK is the business logic layer of the Cosmos stack. It provides a customizable base layer for building blockchains and digital ledgers, made up of interoperable modules that work together to define how a blockchain behaves, from accounts and transactions to tokenization, compliance, and custom application logic. Builders can compose pre-built modules and develop bespoke ones to embed their unique business logic directly into the foundation of the chain, rather than deploying it as isolated smart contracts. This approach enables a level of customization, interoperability, and performance that traditional smart contract platforms and Layer-2 blockchains cannot offer. Developers gain access to block lifecycle hooks (BeginBlocker and EndBlocker), fine-grained state separation, and scoped permissions through a security-first Object Capability Model. Native execution alongside CometBFT consensus unlocks significantly higher throughput and deterministic behavior, while upgrade tools like Cosmovisor make chains easy to maintain and evolve over time. Explore the Cosmos SDK →

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Cosmos Enterprise: Enterprise-Grade Infrastructure & Support

Cosmos enterprise solutions give you a comprehensive suite of blockchain services and technologies to future-proof your organization’s digital ledger capabilities. It combines hardened protocol modules, on-premises and managed infrastructure components, and proactive support from the engineers building the Cosmos technology stack. Cosmos Enterprise is built for organizations that require reliability, security, and operational confidence as they scale critical blockchain infrastructure in enterprise production environments. Learn about Cosmos Enterprise →

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Cosmos EVM: Ethereum Compatibility Layer

Cosmos EVM enables plug-and-play Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility for Cosmos SDK–based chains. It allows developers to deploy Solidity smart contracts, use familiar Ethereum tooling, and interact with native Cosmos modules (including IBC) through precompiles and extensions. It provides software engineers with functionality beyond standard EVM for new use cases and workflows by allowing them to run existing Ethereum contracts without modification while also extending the EVM with new capabilities at the chain level. Learn about Cosmos EVM →

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IBC Protocol: Interoperability Layer

The Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol is the interoperability layer of the Cosmos stack, enabling blockchains to securely transfer tokens, messages, and arbitrary data. Blockchains communicate over IBC with self-hosted infrastructure through point-to-point connections. It connects them into an interoperable network through trust-minimized communication with configurable permissioning while maintaining secure, independent execution. Explore IBC Documentation →

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CometBFT: Highly-Performant Consensus Layer

CometBFT is the consensus layer of the Cosmos stack and one of the most widely adopted, battle-tested consensus engines for building blockchains and decentralized ledger networks. It is a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) middleware that takes a deterministic state transition machine (which can be written in any programming language) and securely replicates it across a distributed set of nodes. By separating consensus from application logic, CometBFT allows developers to build custom blockchains without implementing their own networking or consensus protocols. Responsible for proposing blocks, ordering transactions, and finalizing state transitions, CometBFT ensures that all nodes reach agreement on the canonical state of the chain. Highly performant and deterministic, it provides fast finality and can achieve throughput of up to 10,000 transactions per second (TPS), making it well-suited for high-performance, application-specific blockchains. Learn about CometBFT →